中华人民共和国行业标准 JTJ 032—94

公路沥青路面施工技术规范

Standard Specification for Construction and
Acceptance of Highway Asphalt Pavements

1994—06—07发布 1994—12—01实施

中华人民共和国交通部发布

目 录

1 总 则

2 术语、符号、代号·································

2.1 术语·····································

2.2 符号及代号···································

3 基层·······································

4 材料·······································

4.1 一般规定····································

4.2 道路石油沥青·································

4.3 乳化石油沥青··································

4.4 液体石油沥青··································

4.5 煤沥青·····································

4.6 粗集料·····································

4.7 细集料·····································

4.8 填料······································

5 沥青表面处治路面··································

5.1 一般规定·····································

5.2 材料规格和用量··································

5.3 施工机械·····································

5.4 施工准备·····································

5.5 施工方法·····································

6 沥青贯入式路面····································

6.1 一般规定······································

6.2 材料规格和用量···································

6.3 施工机械······································

6.4 施工准备······································

6.5 施工方法······································

7 热拌沥青混凝土料路面·································

7.1 一般规定······································

7.2 施工准备······································

7.3 热拌沥青混合料的配合比设计·····························

7.4 热拌沥青混合料的拌制································

7.5 热拌沥青混合料的运输································

7.6 热拌沥青混合料的摊铺································

7.8 接缝········································

7.9 开放交及其他····································

8 乳化沥青碎石混合料路面································

8.1 一般规定······································

8.2 施工准备······································

8.3 乳化沥青碎石混合料的配合比设计···························

8.4 乳化沥青碎石混合料的路面施工····························

9 透层、粘层与封层····································

9.1 透层········································

9.2 粘层········································

9.3 封层········································

10 其他工程····················· ·················

10.1 一般规定······································

10.2 行人道路······································

10.3 重型车停车场、公共汽车站······························

10.4 水泥混凝土桥面的沥青铺装······························

10.5 路缘石·······································

11 施工质量管理与检查验收·············· ·············· ···

11.1 一般规定······································

11.2 施工前的材料与设备检查·······························

11.3 铺筑试验路段····································

11.4 施工过程中的质量管理与检查·····························

11.5 交工验收阶段的工程质量检查与验收··························

11.6 工程施工总结····································

附录A 沥青路面施工气候分区································

附录B 热拌沥青混合料配合比设计方法····························

B.1 一般规定·····································

B.2 材料准备·····································

B.3 矿料配合比计算··································

B.4 马歇尔试验····································

B.5 水稳定性检验···································

B.6 高温稳定性检验··································

B.7 钢渣活性检验···································

附录C 路用材料质量要求·································

C.1 重交通道路石油沥青技术要求····························

C.2 中、轻交通道路石油沥青技术要求··························

C.3 道路用乳化石油沥青技术要求····························

C.4 道路用液体石油沥青技术要求····························

C.5 道路用煤沥青技术要求·······························

C.6 沥青面层用粗集料规格（方也筛）··························

C.7 沥青面层用粗集料规格（圆孔筛）··························

C.8 沥青面层用粗集料质量技术要求···························

C.9 沥青面层用天然砂规格·······························

C.10 沥青面层用石屑规格································

C.11 沥青面层用细集料质量技术要求···························

C.12 沥青面层用矿粉质量技术要求····························

附录D 路用材料规格和用量·································

D.1 沥青表面处治材料规格和用量（方孔筛）·······················

D.2 沥青表面处治材料规格和用量（圆孔筛）·······················

D.3 沥青贯入式面层材料规格和用量（方孔筛）······················

D.4 沥青贯入式面层材料规格和用量（圆孔筛）······················

D.5 表面加铺拌和层时贯入层部分的材料规格和用量（方孔筛）···············

D.6 表面加铺拌和层时贯入层部分的材料规格和用量（圆孔筛）··········· ···

D.7 沥青混合料矿料级配及沥青用量范围（方孔筛）····················

D.8 沥青混合料矿料级配及沥青用量范围（圆孔筛）····················

D.9 沥青路面透层及粘层材料的规格和用量························

D.10 乳化沥青稀浆封层的矿料级配及沥青用量范围·····················

附录E 施工质量管理与检查验收标准·····························

E.1 施工过程中材料质量检查的内容与要求························

E.2 沥青面层施工过程中工程质量的控制标准·······················

E.3 施工过程中沥青面层外形尺寸的质量控制标准·····················

E.4 公路沥青面层工程交工检查与验收质量标准（一）···················

E.5 公路沥青面层工程交工检查与验收质量标准（二）···················

E.6 行人道路沥青面层工程质量标准···························

E.7 桥面沥青铺装工程质量标准·····························

E.8 路缘石工程质量标准································

附录F 沥青面层压实度计算及标准密度的确定方法·······················

附录G 施工质量动态管理的方法·······························

附录H 本规范用词说明···································

附加说明·········································

附件：公路沥青路面施工技术规范（JTJ032-94）

条文说明·········································

修订说明

1 总则·········································

2 术语、符号、代号···································

3 基层·········································

4 材料·········································

4.1 一般规定·······································

4.2 道路石油沥青·····································

4.3 乳化石油沥青·····································

4.5 煤沥青········································

4.6 粗集料········································

4.7 细集料········································

4.8 填料·········································

5 沥青表面处治路面····································

5.1 一般规定······································

5.2 材料规格和用量···································

5.5 施工方法······································

6 沥青贯入式路面·····································

6.1 一般规定······································

6.2 材料规格和数量···································

7 热拌沥青混合料路面···································

7.1 一般规定······································

7.2 施工准备······································

7.3 热拌沥青混合料的配合比设计·····························

7.4 热拌沥青混合料的拌制································

7.5 热拌沥青混合料的运输································

7.6 热拌沥青混合料的摊铺································

7.7 热拌沥青混合料的压实及成型·····························

7.8 接缝········································

8 乳化沥青碎石混合料路面·································

8.1 一般规定······································

8.3 乳化沥青碎石混合料的配合比设计···························

9 透层、粘层与封层····································

9.1 透层········································

9.2 粘层········································

9.3 封层········································

10 其他工程········································

10.1 一般规定······································

10.4 水泥混凝土桥面的沥青铺装······························

10.5 路缘石·······································

11 施工质量管理与检查验收·································

11.1 一般规定······································

11.2 施工前的材料与设计检查·······························

11.3 铺筑试验路段····································

11.4 施工过程中的质量管理与检查·····························

11.5 交工验收阶段的工程质量检查与验收··························

11.6 工程施工总结····································

1 总 则

1.0.1 为贯彻“精心施工，质量第一”的方针，确保沥青路面的施工质量，使铺筑的沥青路面坚实、平整、稳定、耐久，有良好的抗滑性能，特制定本规范。

1.0.2 本规范适用于各个等级的新建和改建公路的沥青路面工程。

1.0.3 本规范规定了沥青表面处治路面、沥青路面、热拌沥青混合料路面、乳化沥青碎石混合料路面及透层、粘层、封层等的施工、质量管理与验收的方法、标准。对沥青类基层、联结层、整平层也可按本规范相应的规定执行。

1.0.4 沥青路面施工必须有详细的施工组织设计。

1.0.5 沥青面层不得在雨天施工，当施工中遇雨时，应停止施工。雨季施工时必须切实做好路面排水。

1.0.6 沥青路面施工应确保施工安全，施工人员应有良好的劳动保护。沥青拌和厂具备防火设施。配制液体石油沥青的车间严禁烟火。使用煤沥青的施工人员应防止吸入煤沥青蒸气或皮肤直接接触煤沥青，使身体受到损害。

1.0.7 沥青路面施工除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家颁布的现行有关标准、规范的规定。特殊地区、特殊工程、特殊材料的沥青路面工程，应根据实际情况，制定补充规定。

2 术语、符号、代号

2.1 术语

2.1.1 石油沥青：由石油经蒸馏、吹氧、调和等工艺加工得到，主要为可溶于二硫化碳的碳氢化合物的半固体粘稠状物质。

2.1.2 道路石油沥青：符合沥青路面使用技术要求的石油沥青。

2.1.3 重交通道路石油沥青：供高速公路、一级公路等重交通量道路使用，并符合“重交通道路石油沥青技术要求”的道路石油沥青，简称重交通道路沥青。

2.1.4 煤沥青：由煤干馏得到的煤焦油再经蒸馏加工制成沥青。

2.1.5 混合沥青：不同标号的石油沥青按一定比例互相掺配，或以煤沥青与石油沥青互相掺配而制得的沥青。

2.1.6 乳化沥青：石油沥青(或煤沥青)与水在乳化剂、稳定剂的作用下经乳化加工制得的均匀的沥青产品，也称沥青乳液。按乳化沥青的作用方法分为喷洒型(用P表示)及拌和型(用B表示)乳化沥青两大类。

2.1.7 阳离子乳化沥青：用阳离子乳化剂制得的带正电荷(以C表示)的乳化沥青。

2.1.8 阴离子乳化沥青：用阴离子乳化剂制得的带负电荷(以A表示)的乳化沥青。

2.1.9 液体石油沥青：用汽油、煤油、柴油等溶剂将石油沥青稀释而成的沥青产品，也称轻制沥青或稀释沥青。

2.1.10 改性沥青：掺加橡胶、树脂、高分子聚合物、磨细的橡胶粉或其他填料等外掺剂(改性剂)，或采取对沥青轻度氧化加工等措施，使沥青或沥青混合料的性能得以改善而制成的沥青结合料。

2.1.11 抗剥离剂：为提高集料与沥青的粘附性，增强沥青混合料抗水损害能力而向沥青或沥青混合料中加入的表面活化剂或石灰、水泥等填料。

2.1.12 沥青含量：沥青混合料中沥青质量与沥青混合料总质量的比例，以百分数表示，也称沥青用量。

2.1.13 油石比：沥青混合料中的沥青质量与矿料质量的比例，以百分数表示。

2.1.14 矿料：用于沥青混合料的粗集料、细集料、填料的总称。

2.1.15 粗集料：经加工(轧碎、筛分)而成的粒径大于2.36mm的碎石、破碎砾石、筛选砾石、矿渣等集料。

2.1.16 破碎砾石：由砾石经碎石机破碎加工而成的具有一个以上破碎面的石料。

2.1.17 酸性石料：石料化学成分中以硅、铝等亲水性矿物为主，与沥青粘结性能，用于沥青混合料易受水的影响而造成的沥青膜剥离的石料的统称，如花岗岩、花岗斑岩、石英岩、砂岩、片麻岩、角闪岩等。

2.1.18 细集料：天然形成或经加工(轧碎、筛分)而成的粒径小于2.36mm的天然砂、机制砂及石屑等集料。

2.1.19 天然砂：是岩石经风化搬运而成的粒径小于2.36mm的颗粒部分，如河砂、海砂、山砂。

2.1.20 机制砂：是由碎石及砾石经反复破碎加工至粒径小于2.36mm的部分，亦称人工砂。

2.1.21 石屑：是指采石场加工碎石时通过4.75mm的筛下部分。

2.1.22 填料：在沥青混合料中起填充作用的粒径小于0.075mm的矿物质粉末。

2.1.23 沥青面层：由沥青材料、矿料及其它外掺剂按要求比例混合、铺筑而成的单层或多层式结构层。三层铺筑的沥青面层自上而下称为上面层(也称表面层)、中面层、下面层(也称底面层)。

2.1.24 整平层：铺筑在旧路面上主要起调整高程、横坡和平整度等整平作用的层次。

2.1.25 透层：为使沥青面层与非沥青材料基层结合良好，在基层上浇洒乳化沥青、煤沥青或液体沥青而形成的透入基层表面的薄层。

2.1.26 粘层：为加强在路面的沥青层与沥青层之间、沥青层与水泥混凝土路面之间的粘结而洒布的沥青材料薄层。

2.1.27 封层：为封闭表面空隙、防止水分浸入面层或基层而铺筑的沥青混合料薄层。铺筑在面层表面的称为上封层，铺筑在面层下面的称为下封层。

2.1.28 稀浆封层：是用适当级配的石屑或砂、填料(水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、石粉等)与乳化沥青、外加剂和水，按一定比例拌和而成的流动状态的沥青混合料，将其均匀地摊铺在路面上形成的沥青封层。

2.1.29 磨耗层、为改善行车条件，防止行车对面层的磨损，延长路面的使用寿命而在沥青面层顶部用坚硬的细集料和结合料铺筑的薄结构层。

2.1.30 沥青表面处治路面：用沥青和集料按层铺或拌和方法施工的厚度不大于3cm的一种薄层面层。

2.1.31 层铺法沥青表面处治路面：分层浇洒沥青、撒布集料、碾压成型的沥青表面处治路面。

2.1.32 单层式表面处治路面：浇洒一次沥青、撒布一次集料铺筑而成的厚度为1～1.5cm(乳化沥青表面处治为0.5cm)的层铺法沥青表面处治路面。

2.1.33 双层式表面处治路面：浇洒两次沥青，撒布两次集料铺筑而成的厚度为1.5～2.5cm(乳化沥青表面处治为1cm)的层铺法沥青表面处治路面。

2.1.34 三层式表面处治面面：浇洒三次沥青，撒布三次集料铺筑而成的厚度为2.5cm～3cm(乳化沥青表面处治厚度为3cm)的层铺法沥青表面处治路面。

2.1.35 沥青贯入式路面：在初步压实的碎石(或破碎砾石)上，分层浇洒沥青、撒布嵌缝料，或再在上部铺筑热拌沥青混合料封层，经压实而成的沥青面层。

2.1.36 沥青混合料：由矿料与沥青拌和而成的混合料的总称。

2.1.37 沥青混凝土混合料：由适当比例的粗集料、细集料及填料组成的符合规定级配的矿料，与沥青拌和而制成的符合技术标准的沥青混合料(以AC表示，采用圆孔筛时用LH表示)，简称为沥青混凝土。

2.1.38 密级配沥青混凝土混合料：各种粒径的颗粒级配连续、相互嵌挤密实的矿料与沥青拌和而成，压实后剩余空隙率小于10%的沥青混合料。剩余空隙率3%～6%(行人道路为2%～6%)的为I型密实式沥青混凝土混合料，剩余空隙率4%～10%的为II型半密实式沥青混凝土混合料。

2.1.39 半开级配沥青混合料：由适当比例的粗集料、细集料及少量填料(或不加填料)与沥青拌和而成，压实剩余空隙率在10%以上的半开式沥青混合料，也称为沥青碎石混合料(以AM表示，采用圆孔筛时用LS表示)。

2.1.40 开级配沥青混合料：矿料级配主要由粗集料组成，细集料较少，矿料相互拨开，压实后空隙率大于15%的开式沥青混合料。

2.1.41 间断级配沥青混合料：矿料级配组成中缺少一个或若干个档次而形成的间断级配的沥青混合料。

2.1.42 乳化沥青碎石混合料：采用乳化沥青与矿料在常温状态下拌和而成，压实后剩余空隙率在10%以上的常温沥青混合料。

2.1.43 砂粒式沥青混合料：最大集料粒径等于或小于4.75mm(圆孔筛5mm)的沥青混合料，也称为沥青石屑或沥青砂。

2.1.44 细粒式沥青混合料：最大集料粒径为9.5mm或13.2mm(圆孔筛10mm或15mm)的沥青混合料。

2.1.45 中粒式沥青混合料：最大集料粒径为16mm或19mm(圆孔筛20mm或25mm)的沥青混合料。

2.1.46 粗粒式沥青混合料：最大集料粒径为26.5mm或31.5mm(圆孔筛30～40mm)的沥青混合料。

2.1.47 特粗式沥青碎石混合料：最大集料粒径等于或大于37.5mm(圆孔筛45mm)的沥青碎石混合料。

2.1.48 热拌热铺沥青混合料路面：沥青与矿料在热态下拌和、热态下铺筑施工成型的沥青路面。

2.1.49 常温沥青混合料路面：采用乳化沥青或稀释沥青与矿料在常温状态下拌和、铺筑的沥青路面。

2.1.50 沥青混凝土路面：沥青面层用沥青混凝土混合料铺筑的路面。沥青混凝土路面的下面层(或过渡层)也可采用沥青碎石混合料铺筑。

2.1.51 沥青碎石路面：沥青面层各层均用沥青碎石混合料铺筑的路面。

2.1.52 抗滑表层：为汽车交通提供较好的抗滑能力，由抗滑表层混合料(以AK表示，采用圆孔筛时以LK表示)铺筑，符合规定的宏观粗糙度、微观粗糙度及摩擦系数要求的沥青面层的上面层，也称抗滑磨耗层。

2.1.53 马歇尔稳定性：沥青混合料进行马歇尔试验时所能承受的最大荷载，以kN计。

2.1.54 动稳定度：沥青混合料进行车辙试验时，变形进入稳定期后每产生1mm轮辙试验行走的次数，以次/mm计。

2.2 符号及代号

本规范各种符号、代号以及意义详见表2.2。

符号及代号 表2.2

符号或代号

意 义

HMA

热拌沥青混合料，Hot Mix Asphalt之略语

AH

重交通量道路用石油沥青(重交通道路沥青)

A

普通道路石油沥青

T

道路煤沥青

PC

喷洒型阳离子乳化沥青

BC

拌和型阳离子乳化沥青

PA