汉译英

　　1、 超级市场连同消费者都遭到了通货膨胀的沉重打击。

　　Supermarkets along with customers have been hard hit by inflation.

　　2、 这座金字塔的用途是把电视信号传送到边远的小山村

　　This metal tower is used to relay television signals to distant mountainous villages.

　　3、他14岁时第一次以钢琴家的身份登台表演

　　He made his debut as a pianist at the age of 14.

　　4、不管什么借口，外人都不得入内

　　Upon no pretext whatever may any outsider gain admission.

　　5、 谎言再多也无法掩盖事实

　　No amount of lies can conceal (cover up) the facts.

　　6、 教学改革以来，我们学校的学科发展得到了进一步加强，整体学科布局得到了进一步优化、学科的整合促进了多学科间的相互影响。我们还建立了一些跨学科组织。在此基础上，我们学校建立和改建了许多科研和技术转让的平台，为多学科和跨学科的发展和研究提供了更有力的条件。

　　Since the educational reform, the discipline development in our university has been further strengthened and overall discipline arrangement optimized. The integration of disciplines has promoted the multi-discipline interaction. Several new cross-disciplinary groups have been set up. On this basis, our university has established and improved a number of scientific platforms for research and technology transfer, thus providing more favorable conditions for multi-disciplinary or cross-disciplinary development and research

　　英译汉

　　Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned with theapplication of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life, and to increasing man’s control over his environment thus leading to the development of new techniques, processes and machines.Such activities as investigating the strength and uses of materials,extending the findings of pure mathematics to improve the sampling procedures used in agriculture or the social sciences, and developing the potentialities of atomic energy, are all examples of the work of the applied scientist or technologist.

　　It is evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions of purely theoretical or experimental work, thus the study of radioactivity began as a piece of pure research, but its results are now applied in a great number of different ways―in cancer treatment in medicine, the development of fertilizers in agriculture, the study of metal fatigue in engineering, in methods of estimating the ages of objects in anthropology and geology, etc.

　　另一方面，应用科学直接涉及将纯科学的有效定律（即理论科学――译注）应用于生活实践，应用于人对自身环境的控制，从而导致新技术、新工艺、以及新机器设备的发展。像这样一些活动，如研究材料的强度和用途，将纯数学的研究结果扩大用于改进农业或社会科学采用的抽样过程，以及发掘原子能的种种潜力，这些都是应用科学家，即技术专家的工作的事例。

　　显然，许多应用科学实际上都是由纯理论和实验工作发展而来的。例如，对放射性的研究开始时是作为一项纯理论来研究的。但是其成果现在则应用于很多不同方面：在医学中治疗癌，在农业中研制化肥，在工程学中研究金属疲劳，在人类学和地质学中估算研究对象的年龄等等。

　　作文

　　Anti-Piracy Campaign

　　In recent years, it is quite common to find some pirated goods in Chinese markets, such as pirated books, pirated discs and so on. The piracy activities are so prevalent and harmful that a nationwide anti-piracy campaign has been in full swing under the directions of the government agencies and departments concerned

　　The reasons for the piracy prevalence may be the following: one, the public is not well-informed of the function and benefits of the intellectual property and copyright laws, so their consciousness of enforcing these laws is not profound. A lot of customers, including some of the highly educated, tend to buy pirated goods because of their much lower prices. Another is that the intellectual property and copyright laws are not fully implemented in reality and the punishment for pirates is not severe enough. The piracy activities have so seriously damaged the profits of the creators and the publishers that prompt and effective measures have to be taken to crack down on piracy.

　　In my opinion, winning the war against piracy depends mainly on the joint efforts of both the government and the public. First, the government should further enforce the related laws and punish the pirates more severely. Second, the public consciousness of these laws should be enhanced to help them take correct attitude towards pirated materials. And third, the creators and publishers should become more sensitive about their intellectual property and copyrights, and try to take self-defense measures to protect themselves. With all these efforts and measures, we can surely eliminate piracy.

　　第二单元

　　英译汉

　　No young man believes he shall ever die. There is a feeling of eternity in youth, which makes us amend for everything. To be young is to be one of the Immortal Gods. One half of time indeed is flown― the other half remains in store for us with all its countless treasures; for there is no line drawn, and we see no limit to our hopes and wishes. We make the coming age our own. “The vast, the unbounded prospect lies before us.” We look round in a new world, full of life, and motion, and ceaseless progress; and feel in ourselves all the vigor and spirit to keep pace with it, and do not foresee from any present symptoms how we shall be left behind in the natural course of things, decline into old age, and drop into the grave.

　　没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。青春时期有一种永恒的感觉，使我们能自我纠正，适应一切事物。年轻人酷似神仙。虽半生一晃就过去了，还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷；这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。 “一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。 ” 我们环顾周围这个新的世界，充满着生命，活跃和不断的进步；我们自身感到朝气蓬勃，精神焕发，紧跟时代步伐。没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日，自己行将落伍，沦入老年，而最终掉进墓穴中去。

　　汉译英

　　1.阅读（提供）给心灵的只是知识材料，思维才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的（东西）。

　　Reading provides our soul with knowledge materials while thinking turns what we read into our own.

　　2.建筑房屋应该使空气自由流通，且有充足的阳光照射。

　　Houses should be built for easy access to fresh air and light.

　　3.不管干哪 一行，每个开始出来谋生的青年人只有一条安全的路好走。

　　There is only one safe way for any young person entering the job market, no matter what he does.

　　4.写文章时，一定要把自己的观点仔细讲清楚。

　　One should set out one's points of argument clearly when one is writing.

　　5.虽然这样一个极端的议案通过的可能性不大，但这一事实意味着我们很快会在全国范围内面临这个问题。

　　Such a radical proposition can hardly be passed, but it means that the issue is going to crop up soon across the country

　　6.有人主张濒临死亡的、极端痛苦的病人应该可以要求他（或她）的医生开一个致命的大剂量药物处方。这种主张有什么错误呢？首先，如果止痛药大量地、恰当地使用，那么所有的病人就都能止痛了。不可否认，在有些情况下剂量不得不加得很大，以至于引起呼吸困难导致猝死。但是，用药的目的是止痛而不是致死。如果病人由于大量用药而死亡，这当然是一个很严重的问题。

　　Some people hold that the patient whose death is imminent and in great pain should be allowed to ask his doctor for a prescription of lethal overdose. Is there anything wrong with this proposition? First, if pain-killers are administered liberally and properly, all the patients will be relieved of the pain although in some cases breathing difficulties caused by large overdose result in the patient's sudden death. However, the purpose of medication is to relieve pain and not to bring about death. It will be a serious problem if the patient dies due to overdose

　　写作

　　Euthanasia―Mercy Killing

　　Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. People everywhere in the world are living longer so that lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death. This has not only brought great agony to the old people and their relatives but also resulted in a lot of social problems. Those who are for “mercy killing” argue that every human being should have the right to die with dignity.

　　Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia contend that the right should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill. However, some people believe active euthanasia is a criminal act and so does aiding a suicide. They take such acts as “a case of barbarism” unworthy of our civilization. I think “mercy killing” is different from murdering both legally and morally. We do not impose death on anyone but seek the individual’s right to determine when and how to die.

　　Anyway, people live in the world in order to enjoy themselves and make others happy. So when one’s living becomes a burden to others as well as to himself, living loses its meaning. What’s wrong with him if the terminally ill wants to relieve himself from its endless pain and sorrow and be more considerate of his close relatives?

　　第三单元

　　英译汉

　　If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.School often has too restricting atmosphere, with its timetable and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. Most students would, I believe, profit by a year or so’s exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all-rounders” with no particular interest.

　　如果想一想那些为学生们设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。学校的气氛，由于受课程表和纪律的约束，往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分的时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。我认为大多数的学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的 “全面发展的学生 ”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中受益。

　　汉译英

　　1.聪明的动物依情况或环境的需要而改变自己的行为，但人类能有意识地改变自己的行为。

　　Clever animals change their action to adopt with the environment. But human beings can change our action by a sense.

　　2.在回避接受不愉快的任务方面他已是老手了。

　　Avoiding accepting the unhappy thing, he is an experienced one.

　　3.世界人口分布不均匀正是世界自然资源分布不均匀的一个反映。

　　It is the unbalance that the population locates that leads to the unbalance of development.

　　4.这篇文章完稿40年后成为了美国评论的里程碑。

　　This article became a landmark of criticism after finished 40 years ago.

　　5.农民不使用新技术不仅仅是因为愚昧，现在的风俗习惯的压力也是原因之一。

　　Farmers who do not use new technology is not because of their awareness. One of the reasons is the pressure of present customs

　　6.从本质上来说，一个人从出生的第一天起，他（她）的健康就直接受到家庭的影响。母亲的哺育、家庭居住条件、家庭环境、父母相处是否和谐、生活水平如何、家庭教育以及生活模式等等，都会从生理、心理两个方面，对生长发育和健康素质起着相当大的作用。

　　A person's health is affected by family after he was birthed. Mother's breed, the living conditions, the cooperation of parents, the living principle, the education and so on are playing a main role on a person.

　　写作

　　Saving Our Farmland

　　China’s arable land is only 10% of its total land mass, and it has been shrinking by hundreds of thousands of hectares every year. Increasing industrial construction, more townships being developed, new houses for farmers being built, and more cemeteries have all contributed to the crisis we now face.

　　The great increase in the population has only worsened the problem. We cannot live without food. With the continuing decline in available farmland, it will be impossible to raise enough food for our growing population. This development is a direct threat to our nation’s economic strength.

　　Therefore, the land law should be strictly enforced, We must determine to save every inch of farmland, plant more trees to prevent further erosion, build more dams to implement flood control, and take all necessary steps to solve this problem. Our land is our most precious resource. We must save it.

　　第六单元

　　英译汉

　　Culture shock is the effect that immersion in a strange culture has on the unprepared visitor. Peace Corps volunteers suffer from it in Borneo or Brazil. Marco Polo probably suffered from it in Cathay. Culture shock is what happens when a traveler suddenly finds himself in a place where yes may mean no, where a "fixed price" is negotiable, where laughter may signify anger。It is what happens when the familiar psychological cues that help an individual to function in society are suddenly withdrawn and replaced by new ones that are strange or incomprehensible

　　文化冲击是无准备的客居者浸润在陌生文化中所受的影响。和 平队志愿者在婆罗洲或巴西时有此经历。马可