Ancient Chinese Painting (8)

　　Ming Dynasty painting

　　VII early Ming Dynasty, to draw the court and the Zhe School paintings based, medium-Wu School and became the banner painting, as painting, the late leader of Dong Qichang . Full occupation of painting, paintings, Chinese painting developed during this period the main thread. With the decline of the feudal dynasty, the court also will be painting the decline of the leading art world is no longer living. Literati painting developed into the mainstream of Chinese painting, traditional painting access to the development of painting in particular, compared to Painting and Painting has not been given due attention. As the complexity of social conflicts, the rapid development of urban economy, so that regional parties have emerged painting. Bulk of the prostitutes in late Ming, Shi Ji artist appears, showing the talent of women in feudal shackles, but also reflects the further decay of society. With the development of marine traffic, and promote exchange of Chinese and foreign art. Ice boats, and other Japanese art monk had come to China to study Chinese painting monks also went to Japan; Ming and European missionaries in China, bringing the Western painting. one last glorious tradition of court painting picture of the Ming Dynasty Imperial Court there is no formal, organized a large number of artists, but for the court service. The early Hongwu, painter palace temporary Feng Zhao, free grant to the title. Shen Xi far as portraits of the emperor, said aim, the book rounding granted. Chen Yuan said the same purpose as the portrait of the emperor, you grant to Wen Yuan Ge Official Titles. The main task for the emperor was portraits (with Shen Xi Yuan, Chen Yuan, Sun Wenzong, Chen ■) and the Royal Palace and the Temple mural painting (such as weekly bit, bowl full, Zhuodi, Shangguan Alberta, etc.). Most artists from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, with the style of the original face. As the emperor's personality suspicion, Zhao went so far as to draw the original and the container of development. Xuande to Hongzhi (1426-1505 year) period, because the Emperor Xuan Zong Zhu Zhanji, see Zhu Xian Zong Chen, Xiao Zhong Zhu Yu Tang are good painting can paint their own tension, draw the court is very popular, there have been a number of achievements court painter. Then placed in the different views more than the house painter, Wu Yingdian, canopy Hall, etc., ready to Feng Zhao, and granted to Jin Yiwei Zhenfu, one hundred, one thousand, command, all command and other military staff rank. Jin Yiwei guards of honor of the emperor's Imperial Guard, became the secret service, the infamous. Granted to all levels of artist Jin Yiwei title, is to facilitate receiving salary (Jin Yiwei impermanent member of free placement), and access to the emperor, at any time to listen to call. Jiajing later, with the decline of the Ming Empire, the court also followed the decline of painting. multiple inheritance Southern Ming court portraits style palace historical stories, mostly with the political need the dynasty. Existing court portraits, the subjects of praise before the Lord on behalf of Xian Chen, and the description of the palace seize the day and so on. Important artists are: Ni end Zizhong is, when called up Xuande palace, works with Business joy, but the word Kyrgyzstan, Professor Jin Yiwei Xuande in command, works with Liu Jun, word Ting Wei, silk clothing are commanding officer, works with Xie ring-ting through the word, when Jin Yiwei Xuande command, works with inherits the Southern Song court painting by Ma Yuan and Xia Gui style, and participated in the north of Song Guoxi and other techniques. Important artists include: Lee, the word to government, with the DR Xuande ring, Rui Shi, Ni side at the same time the emperor grace, Dai Zhao different views Hall, works with Wang-e, the word ting straight, Koji for something different views when the house was Xiao Zhong Zhu Yu Tang as , works with Zhu end, the word g is, Masanori straight different views among the painters house of silk clothing after the grant of the command style school Guo Xi, works with bird in court on the basis of the Song Dynasty Painting has developed, creating a variety of styles, painting in the Ming court, is the highest achievements of famous painters: Jing Zhao side, word Wen Jin, Yongle Wu Yingdian Official Titles when the palace was good at meticulous flower, , no inappropriate use of ink. Work Song of the bird than in the rich and bright, the more prominent Hunpu dignified weather. Sun Lung, numbers are crazy, Xuande between the Imperial Official Titles, often escort Emperor Xuan Zong Zhu Zhanji paint. Good painting flowers, birds and Insects, Israel on behalf of the ink, free Dianran, no outline, nutshell indulgence, Yat pen hastily so that God-shaped with, saying painting is unique. Works, Lin Liang, word to the good, Guangdong, South China Sea. Youth, poor family, had as Zoushi fatigues, known for paintings. Hidemune when summoned to the palace of the grant and Industry Construction and Maintenance Cheng, places different views Straight Hall, after the silk clothing Zhenfu, one hundred helicopter to the command. Lin Liang early years he studied painting landscapes, figures, and later specialized in flowers and birds, the largest surviving are his works of ink freehand bird, Sha Yung-associated state, has been quite Qingyuan. Yunbi Qiu, there are classes cursive, make Guanyin immovable. Hi painting eagle, mighty and powerful, mostly on silk hanging scroll. National Palace Museum that he Water weeds in the shrub marsh edge, all the birds together, or wings Fenfei, or places to find food, or chasing blind date, or cheer jump, the best attitude. Shake the branches combined pulled, the grass turned Ye Fei, forming a lively scene. Free play of their pen to write a brief summary, it seems casual but careful and precise without losing the testimonies, to the scenes of perfect unity. Freehand bird in the development of Chinese ink painting, and Lin Liang and future of a master. Lu Ji, Zhen Ting word Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. Koji is recommended between the palace, something different views for the house of silk clothing grant command. The man abide by the etiquette, Duncheng Lutheran, very popular among literati welcome. Work meaning more than the same time, they have high regard Xiao Zhong said: His side of King Zhao beginner bird, inheritance, since Wong Kam-Five approach, to fine, works fine, colors, known for rich and gaudy, and pen moves, the rules also absorbed the Southern Song Dynasty horse, summer Cuhao risk characteristics of strength, then form their own style. His meticulous work on behalf of the bird has He also specializes in black ink freehand flowers, had private Shu Lin Liang, the same good fortune environment. Work Fighting Eagle, The birds of panic terror, reed wind action, failure load whipped, vivid, witty, all exciting. Grasp the physical features of birds, to render individualized personalization, and strengthen the thematic content of the moving force. Lin Liang and Lu Chi Ming court in the flower, such as binary stars shine, later known as the Second, Dai Jin, Wu Wei and the factions painting flourished when the Ming court,mbt chaussures paris, when there is common prosperity with them, led by Dai Jin Zhe painter, because of their style is similar to painting in the history known as the Dai Jin (1388-1462), the word into the text, the number of static Temple, Yuquan Shan Ren, Qiantang (present Hangzhou) people. Junior had the blacksmith, casting gold and silver vessels, after learning painting, famous south. Xuande between the palace had been recommended by intrauterine crowding out artists jealousy, and finally was not hired, then back to the south in order to sell paintings for a living, even worse reputation, and thus, are slander him into something strange legend Yuyan Yu. Dai Jin, painting, skillful skills, to achieve a high artistic level. The painting, a horse, summer style, based on the same time absorbed Dong, giant skills, handwriting, rapid disease Qiu Jin, ink dripping, form style and diverse. Representative works are Taoist and Buddhist themes figure higher, and the former generation of saints, recluse story. More iron line drawing, also by Eran depiction between. Other paintings of the Meticulous flower and color of the Gong Li as his deep, talented, popular at the time of the acclaimed painting, literati painting was popular even in the time academy Zhe artists under attack, and people still admire him. The most vigorous rejection of them leaders of Dong Qichang saw his painting work, also had praise said: Behind in Dai Jin, a large number of followers, and sometimes the Including Wu Wei, Zhang Lu, Song Jiang and other achievements in the highest. Wu Wei (1459-1509), the word plays Weng, No. sprites, Jiangxia (now Wuchang) people. Fatherless child, poor family, and hi painting, after this fame. Hongzhi had twice been imperial palace, Dai Zhao different views Temple, silk clothing Zhenfu granted, one hundred, it may see Zhu Xian Zong Chen favoritism thanks to The man And wine to make gas, Takemune Zhu Hou according ascended the throne, he was again summoned to the palace has not been on the road, play drinking poisoned to death. Wu Wei's paintings of the past by Dai Jin, Yuan Cheng MA, summer legacy, and more indulgent, expansive Jinjian ink as it man. Landscape preference for large, the edges of a large, imposing high as thick, such as However, he could be fine pen, line drawing characters, a goodly lovely, with Yuan charm. Such as the Follow the style of the painter Wu Wei, known as the led by Dai Jin, Zhe, and in the river summer camp led by Wu Wei, and the court of the artist who has prospered from the rise of Wu School, and their style gradually been criticized, especially Dong Qichang criticism more acute, and others. Mainly, their ink is too indulgent, the lack of subtle and refined, but also flow in the habit, and these artists, mostly humble professional artist, join the three, four and Wumen Wu School With economic development, the mid-Ming Suzhou (Gu Cheng Wu Men) became an important handicraft and commercial city, its prosperity and the rise of the Wu School provides a material basis. Since the early Ming Jiangnan literati were tired of political attack, in order to obtain psychological balance, to This emergence of Wu School, prepared the people and conditions. Before the appearance of the Shen Zhou, Yang (character set Meng), Zhang Yu (word instrument), Ben Xu (Word Young Man), CHEN Ru-rank (word but Yin), YT Yan (word but allowed), Zhao original (good word long) and so on, are Suzhou literati, while good at painting landscapes and dead wood, Bamboo, and placed a leisurely calm, dilute the elegant fantastic. Their successors are Liu Jue (word-ting the United States), Du Qiong (words by Peggy), with Lu Zhao (words and philosophy), Xie Jin (word KONG Zhao), Ma Wan (Wen Bi word) and so on. As these pioneers will be Yuan Wu school of literati painting continued prosperity and sowing in the Suzhou area, the achievements of the Shen Zhou, Wen Zheng a generation of master painting. Wu Men regions are affected by the Southern Song Li Tang, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui influence of painters such as Wang Lu and Zhou Chen. Lu Zeng Yi Wang creation Name tilting the world. Shen Zhou (1427-1509), the word Kai Nan, No. Ishida, Whitehead Dion, nurtured from childhood by the family, the father Hang Ji, Bo-Zhen Ji, Xing in poetry and painting were sent, did not do Officer. Chen Kuan-Shen Zhou teacher was the same (except Chen Yun's son), with Lu Zhao, Du Qiong, Liu Jue, etc., is subject to its effects. Shen Chou never official career, and his generous, leisurely forest, to poetry and painting for pleasure, the respect by the literati. Landscape Painting in the main, doubles as a bird, inherited the Song and Yuan Dynasties Dong, giant, yellow, Wu four traditional and innovation. Early smaller and dense brush, Wang Meng won the law, such as This painting is the birthday of its divisions and as Chen Kuan, majestic mountains, rich in imagination, to compare the division of the noble qualities. Middle age, bald front extension for the thick pen, pen force majestic, smooth and nutshell, form their own style. His landscape paintings, whether it is based on southern scenic work, or his imagination conceived the mood, the literati who have expressed the idea of ??life on the pursuit of leisure, in the quiet beauty and seek to express the ascetic holding far cited feelings. Shen Zhou's works have been handed down, the famous have the Wen Zheng-ming (1470-1559 years), the beginning of the wall, the word Zheng Ming, after the lines, but the word Zheng Zhong. He is the Shen Zhou students devote themselves to art of the early years, never officialdom. The age of 54 have been recommended to the palace granted Hanlin Official Titles. No time four years, will retire from seeking to return home to concentrate on painting in poetry writing. The higher the reputation his later years, artists seeking to him, traveling door. And its human, washed carefully and, in the arts to play hard and diligently, poetry painting, not shock anger, his character embodies the character. His painting style is diverse, and little green landscape and ink on dead wood, a combination of bluegrass Takeishi, mainly imitated Zhao Mengfu. To document the peace Qingyuan, Xiao Shu quiet mood light. Peak of the platform, thick moss point lobular features, then imitated element four, integrate into their own style. Sometimes he put pen for freehand ink painting landscapes, but also control the well, is not exposed edge. Less because of such works, and the Shen Zhou's early years, like fine pen, so collectors have a On behalf of He can make people, mostly for landscape point of view in use. Paintings of independence, the Tang Yin (1470-1523), the word child fear, and the word Baihu, number six, such as Buddhist. And Wen Zheng-ming, ZHU Yunming, Zhang Ling, Xu Zhen Qing-friendly for Wu wit. Young people, reading study, 29 days of provincial examinations should be held in Nanjing, was the first Jie Yuan. Was engraved with the seal of the Unexpectedly to Beijing will try next year, because of the examination room The blow to him suffered the human cold, and inconstancy of human suffering. Since then had taken a Fanglangxinghai, cynical attitude towards life. His life was a feudal society, intellectual life tragedy. Tang Yin's paintings, through his teacher Zhou Chen, Song Li Tang inherits the shape of a pen method, while far back as Li Cheng, Guo Xi, and to respect their accomplishments reflected in the poetry in the works, hence the Although he put pregnant unruly, then create hard-working, short life, works a lot. Painting the His figure work, and more derived lower prostitutes living on their misfortune, placed a certain sympathy, but also to show his mockery of the feudal Confucianism. Technique is inherited Tangzhang Xuan and Zhou Fang shape. Works, personal experience. Qiu Ying (dates not set), the word real father, number ten Island, Taicang origin, living in Suzhou. Background painter. And painting building painting, drawing and dumped Junior College of Science, studied with Zhou Chen, and Wen Zheng-ming and his son was encouraged by that grant. He specializes in clinical antique paintings, can be Ying Wu for his talent, hard hard, copy the paintings from the copy, the extensive master the techniques learned the previous generation skills, integrate into their own creation, so popular with the literati of the high regard that his work mm element of work, comparable to YE Yu. His most donors are meticulous, colorful figure paintings and green landscape. The performance of outstanding achievement in the fine delicate beautiful, can be simple and elegant charm. So the previous assessment that its figures Representative works include He can make freehand ink line drawing characters and figures, works such as Shen Zhou, Wen Zheng's students, nephews and many followers, both of them poems Shanwen, the Wu School grow into a trend that affects later Ming and Qing dynasties the history of painting process. One of the important painters Wen Peng, Wen Jia, Wen still on land administration, land division Road, Wang Guxiang, Zenitani, Chen Chun, Zhou balls, sticks, etc. Sun.