比较级最高级

　　一、构成

　　A 大多数单音节形容词----加上-er和-est：

　　B单音节形容词,只有一个元音字母，其末尾为一辅音字母---双写：

　　big----bigger----biggest

　　thin----thinner----thinnest

　　C -y要变成-i，末尾再加-er和-est：easy----easier----easiest

　　D较长的形容词（即有两个以上音节的词）可与more连用构成其比较级形式，与most连用构成其最高级形式。

　　几个特殊的形容词和副词 2.原级的句型结构

　　(1)as...as表示“甲和乙程度相同”/ 倍数+as...as 表示“甲是乙几倍”

　　例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。

　　Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。

　　Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。

　　Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。

　　(2)否定形式：not so/as ..as

　　This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。

　　He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。

　　(3)变体结构：as 形容词+ a 可数名词 +as

　　He is a worker as efficient as Jack.

　　= He is as efficient a worker as Jack.

　　(4)不同项目比较，后面的as 分句必须用完整模式。

　　比较：The girl is as beautiful as her mother (is). （两者比较项目相同，后面用省略模式。）

　　The girl is as plain as her mother is beautiful. (两者比较项目不同，用完整模式。)

　　The girl is as brilliant as she is beautiful. 这女孩又聪明又漂亮。（不同项目，用完整句子。）

　　二、比较级的用法：

　　1.肯定形式：比较级+than; 否定形式：not so/as ..as

　　2.比较级常用的句型结构

　　(1)倍数+比较级，表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”

　　This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。

　　(2) than any other+单数名词/than other+复数名词，表示“甲比其它人都……”。

　　例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.

　　= The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。

　　注意： The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.

　　长江比日本的任何一条河都长。（不是同一范围的，不加the）

　　Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)

　　(3) the+比较级 +of the two，表示“甲是两者中较……的”。

　　例如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。

　　(4)more and more与the more.., the more..

　　More and more是一个过程不断增长，可以看作一个短语；

　　The more.., the more..是两个过程同时递增，是两个并列的分句。

　　He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。

　　The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。

　　(5)特殊用法：与其..不如../ 不仅仅

　　John is more daring than quick-witted.与其说约翰脑子灵活，不如说他胆子大。

　　My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.我到北京不仅仅是为了观光。

　　(6) no more than和 not more than

　　no more than = only“仅仅，只不过”, 强调“少”; 而not more than = at most表示“不超过”。

　　例如：She read no more than five books this week. 她这个星期才读了5本书。

　　She read not more than five books this week.她这个星期读了不超过5本书。

　　三、最高级常用句型结构

　　1、the +最高级+in/of，表示“……是……中最……的”；In+范围， of + 同类。

　　例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。

　　This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。

　　I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。

　　2、 one of the最高级+复数名词，表示“最……之一”。

　　例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。

　　3、最高级结构的变体：否定词+比较级

　　I like nothing better. = I like it best.

　　They can’t be happier.

　　四、比较级结构的修饰语

　　1．用于原级之前：

　　almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice, three times , a third

　　John is almost as tall as you.

　　The river is three times as long as that one.

　　We have a third as many students as we had last term.

　　2．用于比较级前

　　(1) much，a lot，far，a great deal…的多/ a little，a bit，…一点儿/ even甚至still仍然rather相当/two years, ten percent, three times（表示具体数量差距）

　　Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。

　　She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。

　　We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.

　　He is two years older than I am.

　　(2) many, a few (用于“more +可数名词”前)

　　It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane

　　3．用于形容词最高级前:very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second

　　This hat is by far the largest in the world.

　　Gold is the very most valuable of all materials.

　　It is the second longest river in the world.

　　4. 某些不规则形容词和副词的比较级及最高级可能有原级所没有的特殊意义：

　　(1)elder及eldest 表示长幼次序

　　The eldest son died last year．

　　(2)Nearest表示“最近的”，next表示“紧挨着的”或“下一个”：

　　This is the nearest post-office to our school．

　　He is my nearest（＝dearest） relation．他是跟我最亲的人。

　　He lives next to my house．他住我隔壁。

　　His reply is next door to（=almost） a refusal．

　　(3)More，Most 的用法：

　　He is more of a sportsman than his brother. 他比他哥哥更有运动员气质。（be much of有..气质、天分）

　　What is more（＝besides），he is very ill．而且

　　Do it once more（＝once again）．

　　He has studied English ten years，more or less（大致）．

　　Most（＝ The majority of） students are not interested in mathematics．

　　These people are for the most part（＝mostly，on the whole）ignorant and stubborn．

　　We have to make the most of（充分利用） what we have．

　　It is a most（＝very） easy job．

　　(4)Better，Best的用法：

　　He sold the better（=greater） part of his estate．

　　He must speak with his better half（＝wife）．（口语用法）

　　I know better than to（＝am wise or experienced enough not to） hurt her feelings．

　　He says he is honest，but I know better（=I don't think so）．

　　I have been waiting for the best part of a day（＝almost all day）．

　　(5)less与lesser

　　Less表示“（数量）较少的”，+不可数名词（fewer +可数名词）

　　Lesser表示“次要的”，+可数名词

　　He has less money and less confidence than his brother．

　　He has less trouble（fewer troubles） than last year．

　　He is less than sixty．

　　We have to choose the lesser evil of the two．两害相权取其轻。

　　We have many lesser things to do．

　　He got a lesser share．

　　(6)farther表示距离（更远）；further表示“进一步”，“更深入的”：

　　It is dangerous to go farther．

　　He went to the farther side of the river（or the road，the sea）．

　　Wait till further notice．

　　Let us discuss it further．

　　Further（=Furthermore），we must have a guide．

　　(7)Latter后者，Later稍后，Latest最近的，Last最后的，末尾的

　　She learns shorthand and dancing，but the former seems harder than the latter.

　　He died in the latter（=second）half（or part） of this year．

　　Richard is waiting for his latter end（=death）and he has been unhappy in his latter days（= the days before his death）．

　　Don't ask me．You'll learn it later（= afterwards）．

　　A month later they were divorced．

　　The latest（= most recent）news is bad．

　　His last（= final） work was published in 1700．

　　I have received your last（＝most recent）letter．（口语用法）

　　I am the last man（=not the man） to cheat．

　　It is the last thing（=not the thing） I want to see．

　　Marriage is of the last（＝utmost）importance to me．最重要的 练习题：

　　1. Bob never does his homework_____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.

　　A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as

　　2.Now air in our town is ____ than it used to be. Something must be done to it.

　　A. very good B. much better C. rather than D. even worse

　　3. I feel __ better than yesterday. A. more B. very C. the D. far

　　4. China has a large population than __ in the world.

　　A. all the countries B. every country

　　C. any country D. any other country

　　5.This book is __ on the subject .

　　A. the much best B. much the best C. very much best D. very the best

　　6.The sick boy is getting __ day by day.

　　A. worse B. bad C. badly C. worst

　　7.This necklace looks __ and__ sells__.

　　A. well, well B. good, nice C. nice, good D. nice, well

　　8. Doctor Wang ___ heart operation

　　A. is interested on B. like doing

　　C. does well in D. is good at

　　9.the population of Shangdong is__ than that Sichuan.

　　A. smaller B. larger C. less D. large

　　10.I didn’t go shopping yesterday. He didn’t __.

　　A. so B. either C. too C. neither

　　11.___ delicious the food is!

　　A. How B how a C. What D. What a

　　12. What animal do like ___? I like all kinds of animals.

　　A. better B. best C. very D. well

　　13.Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second__ island in China.

　　A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large

　　14.If you want to book a round –trip ticket, you’ll have to pay __ $30.

　　A. more B. other C. the other D. another

　　15. A horse is __ than a dog.

　　A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D .more heavy

　　16. Which is __ season in Beijing? I think it’s spring.

　　A. good B. well C. best D. the best

　　17. Usually Xiao Li spends __ time doing homework than Xiao Chen does.

　　A. little B less C. few D. fewer

　　18. I liked to play football when I was young. _______.

　　A. So he was B .So was he C. So did he D. So he did

　　19. She is______ a musician than her brother.

　　a) much of b) much as c) more of d) more as

　　20. It is reported that ___ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.

　　a) the most b) most of c) most d) the most of

　　21. His salary as a driver is much higher _____.

　　A. than a teacher B. than that of a teacher

　　C. that of a teacher D. than those of a teacher

　　22.____ all the poems I have read recently, Thomas Harry’s The Darkling Thrust seems the most relevant to our times.

　　A. Of B. Among

　　C. In D. About

　　23. To the best of my knowledge, the climate in Arizona is better year-round____.

　　A. than any other state B. than other states

　　C. than in any other state D. than is any other state

　　24. He ____ live in the country than in the city.

　　A. Would B. likes to

　　C. would rather D. had better

　　25. The culture and customs of America are more like ____ of England than of any other country.

　　A. that B. what

　　C. which D. those

　　26. The new method for refining aluminum was ____ that it became practical for many purposes, one of the first of which was for making pots and pans.

　　A. so more cheaper B. so much cheaper

　　C. so many cheaper D. such much cheaper

　　27. To clarify the circumstances thoroughly requires ____taken thus far.

　　A. more specific measures than have

　　B. more specific measures than have been

　　C. more specific measures than has

　　D. more specific measures than has been

　　28. With regarding to this model of color TV sets, the home-made ones are by no means ____ those made in Japan.

　　A. less inferior to B. less inferior than

　　C. inferior than D. inferior to

　　29. The socialist system will demonstrate absolute superiority ____ capitalism in the field of production.

　　A. on B. over

　　C. of D. than

　　30. Radio, television and press ____of conveying news and information.

　　A. are the most three common means

　　B. are the most common three means

　　C. are the three most common means

　　D. are three the most common means